Atrophy

"adult-onset alexander disease with typical "tadpole" brainstem atrophy and unusual bilateral basal ganglia involvement: a case report and review of the literature.", by Namekawa M, Takiyama Y, Honda J, Shimazaki H, Sakoe K, Nakano I. F1: Brain MRI of a patient with adult-onset Alexander disease. a-f: T2-weighted axial images showing marked atrophy of the medulla oblongata (a) with slight cerebellar atrophy (a, b) but little atrophy of the pontine base...

Atrophy is characterized by decreased thymus size and weight secondary to thymic lymphocyte deficiency. A normal thymus generally has sized lobules, a closely apposed capsule, a densely cellular cortex compared with the medulla, a distinct corticomedullary junction, and a cortex to medulla ratio of ~ 1:1:1. As the lesion comes to be significant, cellularity of the cortex and medulla is decreased, and the centimeters joint might no longer be noticeable. The medulla may show up bigger than the cortex, and the cellular appearance of thymic compartments might show up turned around, with a light eosinophilic cortex as a result of lowered cellularity and a darkly basophilic medulla because of increased cellularity. Thymic atrophy should be set apart from thymic involution. An animal with potential treatment-related thymic atrophy need to be compared to age- and sex-matched simultaneous controls. Age of the animal and a clear dose-response relationship will aid differentiate in between thymic atrophy and normal involution.

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